Alfred Plumley Derham: soldier, medic, poet, ANZAC

Geoffrey Laurenson – Professional Library Cadet
Georgina Ward – Assistant Archivist

The story of Alfred Plumley Derham is one of a young medical student who showed great steadfastness in the face of the day-to-day realities of World War One: boredom, tough living conditions, separation from loved ones, crippling injury and illness. The letters and diaries of A.P. Derham include both detailed description and poetic reflection, and give great insight into the experience of war and landing at Gallipoli. They also feature personal moments, including his engagement to Frances “Frankie” Anderson while on active service.

Studio photograph A.P. Derham on leave from France, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,608
Studio photograph A.P. Derham on leave from France, 1916, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,608

 

Derham was a fourth year medical student when war broke out in August 1914 and suspended his studies with the hope of enlisting.[i]  In a letter to Frances, he told her that on enquiring about joining the Army Medical Corps of the 5th Australian Infantry Division he was told that it was “full up and 4 men over”. Derham persisted, and recalled that  “by smiling sweetly however I managed to persuade them I was an invaluable addition.”[ii]  In a letter dated 16th August 1914 Frances responded to the news of Alfred’s enlistment with encouragement, but was clearly conflicted, adding “that altho’ your going will hurt me as it will hurt Ruth, I wouldn’t say – don’t go… I honestly don’t believe I am afraid of dying – or death, tho’ I find it hardest to extend this feeling to the people I love”[iii].

At this early stage of the war, Frances had already read about the events on the Continent in the newspaper, and was clearly opposed to the widespread enthusiasm and rush to join up, conscious of what it meant for the families involved “Alfred I have had to read all the war news aloud to Mrs Bromley …. now I have to wade through all the awful details and they together with the Patriotic concert, have sickened me. I can’t help thinking of the feelings  songs & martial music & bugle calls awake –  contrasted with the grim awful details of the morning paper & of the millions of wrecked homes – to think that each of these soldiers has a mother, wife and sister, is loved as you are – perhaps.”[iv]

Alfred and Frances Derham on their wedding day, 10 July 1917, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,564
Alfred and Frances Derham on their wedding day, 10 July 1917, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,564

After enlisting Derham was sent to Broadmeadows Camp, located just outside of Melbourne. While there, he was given duties as “orderly subaltern”. [v] The waiting took its toll and he reported being in a “state of intense boredom.”[vi] The 5th Battalion shipped out on the HMAT Orvieto (pictured) on 21 October and Derham was one of the 1,457 men and women on the ship, which represented a large portion of the Australian contribution to the war effort. [vii] The Orvieto arrived in Alexandria around 7 December 1914, described in detail by press correspondent Captain C.B.W. Bean. [viii]

"Us" marching aboard the Orvieto, 21 October 1914, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,642
“Us” marching aboard the Orvieto, 21 October 1914, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,642

 

Derham shaving, c. 1914, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,692
Derham shaving, c.1914, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,692

Bean also described the arrival of Australians at Mena Camp later that night in dramatic terms, emphasising the striking scene made by “Australians from Gumtree Flat and Dead Horse Gully, from Murwillumbah and Sea Lake and Prahran and Surry Hills, camped right amid the tombs of the Pharaohs.”[ix] As was the case at Broadmeadows, waiting at Mena Camp made Derham uneasy, who commented that “life will drive us mad with monotony before we have been here many weeks.”[x] Several months after being deployed from Broadmeadows, Derham was clearly restless when he complained “we all shall be intensely disappointed if we return without going to the front or seeing service here.”[xi]  On 5 April, the Battalion marched out of Mena Camp bound for Cairo Station “ten miles or more and quite trying on hard roads with extra heavy equipment”, and from there they took a train to Alexandria. [xii] After arriving in Alexandria, the 5th Battalion embarked on the HMAT Novian, a transatlantic cargo ship requisitioned for the war effort, bound for the island of Lemnos.[xiii] The 5th Battalion spent two weeks in Lemnos carrying out drills and practicing landing procedures before setting out for Gallipoli.

 

Route march down "Cass" Valley, c. 1914, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,640
Route march down “Cass” Valley, c.1914, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham collection, 1963.0024, BWP30,640

 

Officers of 5th Battalion, Mena Camp. c January 1915, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Collection, 1963.0024, BWP/30,582. Alfred Derham 2nd row, 2nd from right
Officers of 5th Battalion, Mena Camp. c.January 1915, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Collection, 1963.0024, BWP/30,582. Alfred Derham 2nd row, 2nd from right

Derham’s time in Gallipoli was eventful, and is recounted in a memoir sent to Frances in late 1915. The memoir was written well after the fact, with a poetic detachment that often belies the danger and horrors witnessed at the landing at Gallipoli.  Showing his naivety, Derham recalled in the days leading up to the landing, while on manoeuvres around Lemnos, “see[ing] the snow capped hilltops of Samothrace and Imbros and further to the right on the far horizon the dim land near Gallipoli, the land of our adventure.”[xiv]

On the 25 April, Lieutenant Derham and his platoon landed on the beach at the southern end of ANZAC Cove, and they soon took cover against nearby cliffs. With barely time to form up his men, Derham was ordered to place his platoon with A Company and locate troops in need of reinforcement. Although Derham had been on active service since August 1914, the experience of the ‘front’ was something new to him. Derham later reflected that after the landing “I myself had got over my nervousness at that time and had not yet begun to feel the fear which knowledge brings”[xv], foreshadowing the terrifying realities of the battle to come.

The perils of the situation soon became apparent, in the form of heavy resistance from the Turkish defenders. Although a sense of danger is present in Derham’s diary, it is framed through distinctly poetic language: “It was a beautiful day – we were out of danger from shrapnel behind a hill and the rifle and machine gun bullets were singing softly and harmlessly over our heads, sailing out with the summer sea like humming bees.”[xvi] Other accounts of the landing at Gallipoli paint quite a different picture. Private Ray Williams wrote in a letter home that “it was terrible to see the boat loads of lifeless boys that got mowed down without touching shore. The gunboats kept playing their big guns on the shore forts and batteries.”[xvii] Another wrote that “the Turks did not fire a shot till we were close in shore, then the whole place became a perfect hell with rifles, machine guns, artillery, and shrapnel bursting.”[xviii]

 

Sketch of Owen's Gully and surrounds, Diary 31st Mar 1915 - 25 Apr 1915, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham Collection, 1963.0024.0002, p14.
Sketch of Owen’s Gully and surrounds, Diary 31 Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Derham Collection, 1963.0024.0002, p14.

Lieutenant Derham commanded his platoon through the rough scrub and sloping  terrain toward the area that came to be known as Lone Pine. He made a sketch of this landscape showing key strategic positions including Owen’s Gully and a Turkish battery (pictured). Pushing on with the mission to reinforce troops in the firing line, Derham eventually joined with ‘C’ Company led by Major Richard Saker, another officer of the 5th Battalion,[xix] but there were “still no orders, still no firing line to reinforce, still nothing to do but lie and be fired at (badly thank heaven).”[xx]  Rather than wait for further orders, Lieutenant Derham advanced his men in two short rushes in the direction of Owens Gully. [xxi] During this movement he received word that Major Saker had been wounded.  Derham returned to Lone Pine to assist, but was hit through the left thigh by a Turkish bullet, “bringing me down like a sack of flour.” [xxii] Derham later recounted this incident in a dry, clinical manner: “I found that my whole left leg was paralysed – probably from shock to the Great Sciatic nerve. I felt it very carefully and found it was not broken as I had at first suspected so I started to crawl towards where I had last seen Major Saker – doing this power gradually returned and I was soon able to hobble along slowly and unsteadily but not painfully.”[xxiii]

It seems that Derham was not able to reach Major Saker, who later died on the battlefield at Lone Pine.[xxiv] Although wounded, Derham refused to be transferred from the battlefield until the 30 April, and his bravery and conduct during this time won him the military cross. [xxv] After recouperating from his injuries Derham resumed his service at the front, also serving in France in 1916, and returning to Australia to complete his medical studies at the University of Melbourne. During the journey back to the front in 1918, Armistice was declared.

Between the wars he worked in various medical positions around Victoria, was the director of the R.S.L. Children’s Health Bureau from its inception in 1933, as well as the Medical Officer of the City of Kew. In 1940 he left for Singapore as Assistant Director of the Medical Service, and spent time as a Prisoner of War in Changi with his eldest son Thomas during World War Two. The remarkable Alfred Plumley Derham Collection is listed and available on the UMA online catalogue http://go.unimelb.edu.au/fw9n

Frances became a key figure in arts education in Australia and was chairman of the A.I.F Women’s Auxiliary Prisoners of War Japan. Her extensive collection is also held at UMA http://go.unimelb.edu.au/4w9n

 

Medical students, Women’s Hospital Melbourne, 1917. University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Collection, 1963.0024.0003. Alfred Plumley Derham is far left.
Medical students, Women’s Hospital Melbourne, 1917. University of Melbourne Archives, Alfred Plumley Collection, 1963.0024.00012. Alfred Plumley Derham is far left.

For more details on other collections containing World War One material refer to the subject guide available from the UMA website http://gallery.its.unimelb.edu.au/imu/imu.php?request=home


[i] A.P. Derham student record card, University of Melbourne Archives, 1991.0066, Unit 17

[ii] Letter 20/08/1914 to Frances Anderson, 1988.0061.0507, Frances Derham collection, University of Melbourne Archives

[iii] Letter to A.P. Derham, 16/08/1914, 1963.0024, A.P. Derham collection, 7/2/1/6/1, Unit 18

[iv] Letter to A.P. Derham, 1/11/1914, 1963.0024, A.P. Derham collection

[v] Letter 1/10/1914 to Frances Anderson, 1988.0061.0507, Frances Derham collection, University of Melbourne Archives, Unit 27

[vi] Letter 29/09/1914 to Frances Anderson, 1988.0061.0507, Frances Derham collection, University of Melbourne Archives, Unit 27

[viii] Australian Army the Troopships Arrive at Egypt – Greeted by Passing Ships – Night Scenes in the Canal. The Mercury, 5 January 1915, p.5

[ix] Australians in Egypt. Mena Camp Active. The Border Morning Mail and Riverina Times, Tuesday 5 January 1915, page 3

[x] Letter 14/12/14 to Frances Anderson, 1988.0061.0507, Frances Derham collection, Unit 27

[xi] Letter 14/12/14 to Frances Anderson, 1988.0061.0507, Frances Derham collection, Unit 27

[xii] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection

[xiii] Letters from the Front. Private Ray Williams. Riverine Herald, Saturday 17 July 1915, page 3

[xiv] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection, page 6

[xv] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection, page 10

[xvi] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection, page 11

[xvii] Letters from the Front. Private Ray Williams. Riverine Herald, Saturday 17 July 1915, page 3

[xviii] Letters from the Front. Gippslander and Mirboo Times 22 July 1915, p.2

[xix][xix] Australian War Memorial, Major Richard Saker. https://www.awm.gov.au/people/P10267659/#rolls-and-awards, accessed 21/04/2015

[xx] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection, page 15

[xxi] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection, page 16

[xxii] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection, page 16

[xxiii] Diary 31st Mar 1915 – 25 Apr 1915, 1963.0024.0002, A.P. Derham collection, page 17

[xxiv] Australian War Memorial, Major Richard Saker. https://www.awm.gov.au/people/P10267659/#rolls-and-awards, accessed 21/04/2015

[xxv]  http://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1068829–3-.pdf


4 Responses to “Alfred Plumley Derham: soldier, medic, poet, ANZAC”

  1. Virginia hewett says:

    Thank you for a very informative piece of information about my grandfather

    1. kathrynw says:

      Hi Virginia,

      Thanks for the feedback. We’re glad to hear that you enjoyed reading the post about your grandfather. We have a lot of material at UMA relating to A.P. Derham, and the post only explores a small portion of it. If you are interested in coming in to our Reading Room to view other materials relating to your grandfather please let us know. We can be contacted on the following email address: archives@archives.unimelb.edu.au

      Kind regards,
      University of Melbourne Archives

  2. Meredith Beal says:

    This was very hard to leave as it kept not letting me in. I also found this very interesting, I am his niece My mother is the young girl in the wedding photo. Frances’ sister Claire.

    1. University of Melbourne Archives says:

      Thank you for the feedback Meredith. It’s always good to get more information about archival material. We do have a large collection of Frances Derham’s (nee Anderson) papers so if you wish to look for any material relating to your mother. You can use the search term ‘Frances Derham’ in the Search the Catalogue box on our homepage http://archives.unimelb.edu.au/ to find some descriptions and lists of Frances’ collections.

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